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Macadamia

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Macadamia

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Macadamia nuts

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a>

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<td>Clade:

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<td><a href="Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a>

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<td>Clade:

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<td><a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a>

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<td>Clade:

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<td><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a>

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<td>Subfamily:

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<td><a href="Grevilleoideae" title="Grevilleoideae">Grevilleoideae</a>

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<td>Tribe:

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<td><a href="Macadamieae" class="mw-redirect" title="Macadamieae">Macadamieae</a>

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<td>Subtribe:

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<td><a href="Macadamiinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Macadamiinae">Macadamiinae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td> <a href="Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">F.Muell.</a>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Macadamia integrifolia</a> <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="Joseph_Maiden" title="Joseph Maiden">Maiden</a> & <a href="Ernst_Betche" title="Ernst Betche">Betche</a></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species

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<ul><li><a href="Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Macadamia integrifolia</a> <a href="Joseph_Maiden" title="Joseph Maiden">Maiden</a> & <a href="Ernst_Betche" title="Ernst Betche">Betche</a></li>

<li><a href="Macadamia_jansenii" title="Macadamia jansenii">Macadamia jansenii</a> C.L.Gross & P.H.Weston</li>

<li><a href="Macadamia_ternifolia" title="Macadamia ternifolia">Macadamia ternifolia</a> <a href="Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">F.Muell.</a></li>

<li><a href="Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia tetraphylla</a> <a href="Lawrence_Alexander_Sidney_Johnson" title="Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson">L.A.S.Johnson</a></li></ul>

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Macadamia is a <a href="Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of four <a href="Species" title="Species">species</a> of trees in the <a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> family <a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-APNI-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mastetal2008-2">[2]</a> They are indigenous to Australia—specifically, northeastern <a href="New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and central and southeastern <a href="Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. Two species of the <a href="Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> are commercially important for their fruit, the macadamia nut /ˌmækəˈdeɪmiə/ (or simply macadamia). Global production in 2015 was 160,000 tonnes (180,000 short tons).<a href="#cite_note-fp-3">[3]</a> Other names include Queensland nut, bush nut, maroochi nut or bauple nut.<a href="#cite_note-bopplenut-4">[4]</a> It was an important source of <a href="Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">bushfood</a> for the <a href="Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal peoples</a>.

The nut was first commercially produced on a wide scale in <a href="Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, where Australian seeds were introduced in the 1880s, and which for more than a century was the world's largest producer.<a href="#cite_note-TG-20201212-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> South Africa has been the world's largest producer of the macadamia since the 2010s.

The macadamia is the only widely grown food plant that is native to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

Macadamia is a genus of <a href="Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> trees that grows 2–12 m (7–40 ft) tall.

The leaves are arranged in <a href="Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">whorls</a> of three to six, <a href="Lanceolate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanceolate">lanceolate</a> to <a href="Obovate" class="mw-redirect" title="Obovate">obovate</a> or <a href="Elliptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliptic">elliptic</a> in <a href="Leaf_shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf shape">shape</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style>60–300 mm (2+1⁄2–12 in) long and 30–130 mm (1+1⁄8–5+1⁄8 in) broad, with an entire or spiny-serrated margin. The flowers are produced in a long, slender, and simple <a href="Raceme" title="Raceme">raceme</a> 50–300 mm (2–12 in) long, the individual flowers 10–15 mm (3⁄8–9⁄16 in) long, white to pink or purple, with four <a href="Tepal" title="Tepal">tepals</a>. The fruit is a hard, woody, globose <a href="Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">follicle</a> with a pointed apex containing one or two <a href="Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a>. The nutshell ("coat") is particularly tough and requires around 2000 <a href="Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">N</a> to crack. The shell material is five times harder than <a href="Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnut</a> shells and has mechanical properties similar to <a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminum</a>. It has a <a href="Vickers_hardness_test" title="Vickers hardness test">Vickers hardness</a> of 35.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3></div>

<th>Image</th>

<th>Scientific Name</th>

<th>Distribution

</th></tr>

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<td><a href="Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Macadamia integrifolia</a> <a href="Joseph_Maiden" title="Joseph Maiden">Maiden</a> & <a href="Ernst_Betche" title="Ernst Betche">Betche</a></td>

<td>south east Queensland and extreme adjacent northern New South Wales

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<td><a href="Macadamia_jansenii" title="Macadamia jansenii">Macadamia jansenii</a> C.L.Gross & P.H.Weston</td>

<td>Queensland

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<td><a href="Macadamia_ternifolia" title="Macadamia ternifolia">Macadamia ternifolia</a> <a href="Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">F.Muell.</a></td>

<td>Queensland

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<tr>

<td><a href="Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia tetraphylla</a> <a href="Lawrence_Alexander_Sidney_Johnson" title="Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson">L.A.S.Johnson</a></td>

<td>extreme south east Queensland and northern New South Wales

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Nuts from M. jansenii and M. ternifolia contain <a href="Glycoside#Cyanogenic_glycosides" title="Glycoside">cyanogenic glycosides</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dahler-11">[11]</a> The other two species are cultivated for the commercial production of macadamia nuts for human consumption.

Previously, more species with <a href="Disjunct_distribution" title="Disjunct distribution">disjunct distributions</a> were named as members of this genus Macadamia.<a href="#cite_note-Mastetal2008-2">[2]</a> Genetics and <a href="Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> studies published in 2008 show they have separated from the genus Macadamia, correlating less closely than thought from earlier morphological studies.<a href="#cite_note-Mastetal2008-2">[2]</a> The species previously named in the genus Macadamia may still be referred to overall by the descriptive, non-scientific name of macadamia.

<dl><dt>Formerly included in the genus</dt>

<dt><a href="Lasjia" title="Lasjia">Lasjia</a> P.H.Weston & <a href="Austin_Mast" title="Austin Mast">A.R.Mast</a>, formerly Macadamia until 2008</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Lasjia_claudiensis" title="Lasjia claudiensis">Lasjia claudiensis</a> (C.L.Gross & <a href="Bernard_Hyland" title="Bernard Hyland">B.Hyland</a>) Peter H. Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, <a href="Basionym" title="Basionym">base name</a>: Macadamia claudiensis C.L.Gross & B.Hyland</li>

<li><a href="Lasjia_erecta" title="Lasjia erecta">Lasjia erecta</a> (J.A.McDonald & R.Ismail) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: Macadamia erecta J.A.McDonald & R.Ismail A tree <a href="Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to the island of <a href="Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, Indonesia. First described by science in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li>

<li><a href="Lasjia_grandis" title="Lasjia grandis">Lasjia grandis</a> (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: Macadamia grandis C.L.Gross & B.Hyland</li>

<li><a href="Lasjia_hildebrandii" title="Lasjia hildebrandii">Lasjia hildebrandii</a> (<a href="Cornelis_Gijsbert_Gerrit_Jan_van_Steenis" title="Cornelis Gijsbert Gerrit Jan van Steenis">Steenis</a>) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: Macadamia hildebrandii Steenis Another species endemic to Sulawesi.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li>

<li><a href="Lasjia_whelanii" title="Lasjia whelanii">Lasjia whelanii</a> (<a href="Frederick_Manson_Bailey" title="Frederick Manson Bailey">F.M.Bailey</a>) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonyms: base name: Helicia whelanii F.M.Bailey, Macadamia whelanii (F.M.Bailey) F.M.Bailey</li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="Catalepidia" title="Catalepidia">Catalepidia</a> Peter H. Weston, formerly Macadamia until 1995</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Catalepidia_heyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalepidia heyana">Catalepidia heyana</a> (F.M.Bailey) P.H.Weston; synonyms: base name: Helicia heyana F.M.Bailey , Macadamia heyana (F.M.Bailey) <a href="Hermann_Otto_Sleumer" title="Hermann Otto Sleumer">Sleumer</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="Virotia" title="Virotia">Virotia</a> <a href="Lawrence_Alexander_Sidney_Johnson" title="Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson">L.A.S.Johnson</a> & <a href="Barbara_G._Briggs" title="Barbara G. Briggs">B.G.Briggs</a>, formerly Macadamia until the first species renaming began in 1975 and comprehensive in 2008</dt></dl>

<ul><li>Virotia angustifolia (<a href="Robert_Virot" title="Robert Virot">Virot</a>) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: Macadamia angustifolia Virot</li>

<li>Virotia francii (<a href="Andr%C3%A9_Guillaumin" title="André Guillaumin">Guillaumin</a>) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: <a href="Roupala" title="Roupala">Roupala</a> francii Guillaumin</li>

<li>Virotia leptophylla (Guillaumin) L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs (1975 type species); synonym, base name: <a href="Kermadecia" title="Kermadecia">Kermadecia</a> leptophylla Guillaumin</li>

<li><a href="Virotia_neurophylla" title="Virotia neurophylla">Virotia neurophylla</a> (Guillaumin) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonyms: base name: <a href="Kermadecia" title="Kermadecia">Kermadecia</a> neurophylla Guillaumin, Macadamia neurophylla (Guillaumin) Virot</li>

<li>Virotia rousselii (<a href="Vieill." class="mw-redirect" title="Vieill.">Vieill.</a>) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: Roupala rousselii Vieill</li>

<li>Virotia vieillardi (<a href="Adolphe-Th%C3%A9odore_Brongniart" title="Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart">Brongn.</a> & <a href="Jean_Antoine_Arthur_Gris" title="Jean Antoine Arthur Gris">Gris</a>) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast; synonym, base name: Roupala vieillardii Brongn. & Gris</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3></div>

The German-Australian <a href="Botany" title="Botany">botanist</a> <a href="Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">Ferdinand von Mueller</a> gave the genus the name Macadamia in 1857 in honour of the Scottish-Australian <a href="Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a>, medical teacher, and <a href="Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> <a href="John_Macadam" title="John Macadam">John Macadam</a>, who was the honorary Secretary of the <a href="Philosophical_Institute_of_Victoria" title="Philosophical Institute of Victoria">Philosophical Institute of Victoria</a> beginning in 1857.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2></div>

The macadamia tree is usually propagated by <a href="Grafting" title="Grafting">grafting</a>. It does not begin to produce commercial quantities of seeds until it is 7–10 years old, but once established, it may continue bearing for over 100 years. Macadamias prefer fertile, well-drained soils, a rainfall of 1,000–2,000 mm (40–80 in), and temperatures not falling below 10 °C (50 °F) (although once established, they can withstand light frosts), with an optimum temperature of 25 °C (80 °F). The roots are shallow, and trees can be blown down in storms; like most <a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a>, they are also susceptible to <a href="Phytophthora" title="Phytophthora">Phytophthora</a> root disease. As of 2019, the macadamia nut is the most expensive nut in the world, which is attributed to the slow harvesting process.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beaumont">Beaumont</h4></div>

A <a href="Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Macadamia integrifolia</a> / <a href="Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">M. tetraphylla</a> hybrid commercial variety is widely planted in Australia and New Zealand; Dr. J. H. Beaumont discovered it. It is high in oil but is not sweet. New leaves are reddish, and flowers are bright pink, borne on long racemes. It is one of the quickest varieties to come into bearing once planted in the garden, usually carrying a useful crop by the fourth year and improving from then on. It crops prodigiously when well pollinated. The impressive, grape-like clusters are sometimes so heavy they break the branchlets to which they are attached. Commercial orchards have reached 18 kg (40 lb) per tree by eight years old. On the downside, the macadamias do not drop from the tree when ripe, and the leaves are a bit prickly when one reaches into the tree's interior during harvest. Its shell is easier to open than that of most commercial varieties.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maroochy">Maroochy</h4></div>

A pure <a href="Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">M. tetraphylla</a> variety from Australia, this strain is cultivated for its productive crop yield, flavour, and suitability for pollinating 'Beaumont.'

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nelmac_II">Nelmac II</h4></div>

A South African M. integrifolia / M. tetraphylla hybrid cultivar, it has a sweet seed, which means it must be cooked carefully so that the sugars do not caramelise. The sweet seed is usually not fully processed, as it generally does not taste as good, but many people enjoy eating it uncooked. It has an open micropyle (hole in the shell), which may let in fungal spores. The crack-out percentage (ratio of nut meat to the whole nut by weight) is high. Ten-year-old trees average 22 kg (50 lb) per tree. It is a popular variety because of its pollination of 'Beaumont,' and the yields are almost comparable.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Renown">Renown</h4></div>

A M. integrifolia / M. tetraphylla hybrid, this is a rather spreading tree. On the plus side, it is high-yielding commercially; 17 kg (37 lb) from a 9-year-old tree has been recorded, and the nuts drop to the ground. However, they are thick-shelled, with not much flavour.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div>

In 2024, <a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> was the leading producer of macadamia nuts, with 87,000 tonnes,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> up from 77,000 tonnes in 2023<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> and 54,000 tonnes out of global production of 211,000 tonnes in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-agrio-19">[19]</a> Macadamia is commercially produced in many countries of Southeast Asia, South America, Australia, and North America having <a href="Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a>, <a href="Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate</a> or <a href="Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-agrio-19">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3></div>

The first commercial orchard of macadamia trees was planted in the early 1880s by Rous Mill, 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of <a href="Lismore%2C_New_South_Wales" title="Lismore, New South Wales">Lismore, New South Wales</a>, consisting of <a href="Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">M. tetraphylla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Besides the development of a small boutique industry in Australia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, macadamia was extensively planted as a commercial crop in <a href="Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> from the 1920s onward. Macadamia seeds were first imported into Hawaii in 1882 by <a href="William_H._Purvis" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Purvis">William H. Purvis</a>, who planted seeds that year at <a href="Kapulena" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapulena">Kapulena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Hawaiian-produced macadamia established the well-known seed internationally, and in 2017, Hawaii produced over 22,000 tonnes.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

In 2019, researchers collected samples from hundreds of trees in <a href="Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> and compared their genetic profiles to samples from Hawaiian orchards. They determined that essentially all the Hawaiian trees must have descended from a small population of Australian trees from <a href="Gympie" title="Gympie">Gympie</a>, possibly just a single tree.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> This lack of genetic diversity in the commercial crop puts it at risk of succumbing to pathogens (as has happened in the past to <a href="Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> cultivars). Growers may seek to diversify the cultivated population by hybridizing with wild specimens.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shelling">Shelling</h3></div>

Macadamias are the world's hardest edible nut to crack.<a href="#cite_note-am-24">[24]</a> Since ordinary <a href="Nutcracker" title="Nutcracker">nutcrackers</a> apply insufficient force,<a href="#cite_note-shellingmachine-25">[25]</a> various types of specialist macadamia nut crackers are available, many of which apply force to the <a href="Micropyle_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micropyle (botany)">micropyle</a>, visible as a white dot, to fracture the shell.<a href="#cite_note-am-24">[24]</a>

For commercial scale deshelling, rotating steel rollers are used.<a href="#cite_note-shellingmachine-25">[25]</a> In South Africa, the average crack-out rate, meaning the ratio of usable nut to discarded shell, is 27.6% nut to 72.4% waste.<a href="#cite_note-shellingmachine-25">[25]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2></div>

Nuts from M. jansenii and M. ternifolia contain cyanogenic glycosides.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dahler-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allergen">Allergen</h3></div>

Macadamia allergy is a type of <a href="Food_allergy" title="Food allergy">food allergy</a> to macadamia nuts which is relatively rare, affecting less than 5% of people with <a href="Tree_nut_allergy" title="Tree nut allergy">tree nut allergy</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Cox-26">[26]</a> Macadamia allergy can cause mild to severe allergic reactions, such as <a href="Oral_allergy_syndrome" title="Oral allergy syndrome">oral allergy syndrome</a>, <a href="Urticaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Urticaria">urticaria</a>, <a href="Angioedema" title="Angioedema">angioedema</a>, vomiting, abdominal pain, <a href="Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, and <a href="Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yoshida-27">[27]</a> Macadamia allergy can also cross-react with other tree nuts or foods that have similar allergenic proteins, such as <a href="Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a>, <a href="Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnut</a>, and <a href="Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-f345-28">[28]</a> The diagnosis and management of macadamia allergy involves avoiding macadamia nuts and their derivatives, reading food labels carefully, carrying an <a href="Epinephrine_auto-injector" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine auto-injector">epinephrine auto-injector</a> in case of severe reactions, and consulting a doctor for further testing and advice.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicity_in_dogs_and_cats">Toxicity in dogs and cats</h3></div>

Macadamias are <a href="Toxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic">toxic</a> to dogs. <a href="Ingestion" title="Ingestion">Ingestion</a> may result in macadamia toxicity marked by <a href="Weakness" title="Weakness">weakness</a> and hind limb paralysis with the inability to stand, occurring within 12 hours of ingestion.<a href="#cite_note-ca-29">[29]</a> It is not known what makes macadamia nuts toxic in dogs.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Depending on the quantity ingested and the size of the dog, symptoms may also include muscle tremors, joint pain, and severe abdominal pain. In high doses of toxin, opiate medication may be required for symptom relief until the toxic effects diminish, with full recovery usually within 24 to 48 hours.<a href="#cite_note-ca-29">[29]</a>

Macadamias are also toxic to cats, causing tremors, paralysis, joint stiffness, and high fever.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

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</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Macadamia nuts, raw</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,080 kJ (740 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">13.8 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">4.57 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">8.6 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><a href="Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">7.9 g</div></td></tr>

<th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th>

</tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B1)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">100%</div> 1.195 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B2)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 0.162 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B3)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 2.473 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B5)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 0.76 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B6</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">16%</div> 0.275 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B9)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 11 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 1.2 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.54 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value">%DV</abbr>†</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">7%</div> 85 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">21%</div> 3.69 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">31%</div> 130 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">178%</div> 4.1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">15%</div> 188 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 368 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">12%</div> 1.30 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">

</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Other constituents</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">Quantity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.4 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170178/nutrients">Link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em">†Percentages estimated using <a href="Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-32">[32]</a> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the <a href="National_Academies_of_Sciences%2C_Engineering%2C_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">National Academies</a><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-33">[33]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h3></div>

Raw macadamia nuts are 1% water, 14% <a href="Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>, 76% <a href="Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>, and 8% <a href="Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>. A 100-gram reference amount of macadamia nuts provides 740 <a href="Kilocalories" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilocalories">kilocalories</a> and are a rich source (20% or more of the <a href="Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a> (DV)) of numerous <a href="Essential_nutrients" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential nutrients">essential nutrients</a>, including <a href="Thiamine" title="Thiamine">thiamine</a> (104% DV), <a href="Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a> (21% DV), other <a href="B_vitamins" title="B vitamins">B vitamins</a>, <a href="Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> (195% DV), <a href="Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (28% DV), <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> (37% DV) and <a href="Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> (27% DV).

Compared with other common edible nuts, such as <a href="Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a> and <a href="Cashew" title="Cashew">cashews</a>, macadamias are high in total fat and relatively low in protein. They have a high amount of <a href="Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated fats</a> (59% of total content) and contain, as 17% of total fat, the <a href="Monounsaturated_fat" title="Monounsaturated fat">monounsaturated fat</a>, <a href="Omega-7_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Omega-7 fatty acid">omega-7</a> <a href="Palmitoleic_acid" title="Palmitoleic acid">palmitoleic acid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3></div>

The trees are also grown as <a href="Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a> in subtropical regions for their glossy foliage and attractive flowers. The flowers produce a well-regarded honey. The wood is used decoratively for small items.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Macadamia species are used as food plants by the <a href="Larva" title="Larva">larvae</a> of some <a href="Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a> species, including <a href="Batrachedra" title="Batrachedra">Batrachedra arenosella</a>.

Macadamia seeds are often fed to <a href="Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">hyacinth macaws</a> in captivity. These large <a href="Parrot" title="Parrot">parrots</a> are among the few animals, other than humans, capable of cracking the shell and removing the seed.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h2></div>

<dd><a href="Allan_Cunningham_(botanist)" title="Allan Cunningham (botanist)">Allan Cunningham</a> was the first European to encounter the macadamia plant in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></dd>

<dd>German-Australian botanist <a href="Ferdinand_von_Mueller" title="Ferdinand von Mueller">Ferdinand von Mueller</a> gave the genus the scientific name Macadamia. He named it after his friend <a href="John_Macadam" title="John Macadam">John Macadam</a>, a noted scientist and secretary of the Philosophical Institute of Australia.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></dd>

<dd>'Bauple nuts' were discovered in <a href="Bauple%2C_Queensland" title="Bauple, Queensland">Bauple, Queensland</a>; they are now known as macadamia nuts.</dd>

<dd><a href="Walter_Hill_(garden_curator)" title="Walter Hill (garden curator)">Walter Hill</a>, superintendent of the <a href="City_Botanic_Gardens" title="City Botanic Gardens">Brisbane Botanic Gardens</a> (Australia), observed a boy eating the kernel without ill effect, becoming the first nonindigenous person recorded to eat macadamia nuts.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></dd>

<dd>King Jacky, an aboriginal elder of the Logan River clan, south of Brisbane, Queensland, was the first known macadamia entrepreneur in his tribe and he regularly collected and traded the macadamias with settlers.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Thomas_Petrie" title="Thomas Petrie">Tom Petrie</a> planted macadamias at Yebri Creek (near Petrie) from nuts obtained from Aboriginals at <a href="Buderim" title="Buderim">Buderim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></dd>

<dd><a href="William_H._Purvis" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Purvis">William H. Purvis</a> introduced macadamia nuts to Hawaii as a <a href="Windbreak" title="Windbreak">windbreak</a> for sugar cane.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></dd>

<dd>The first commercial orchard of macadamias was planted at Rous Mill, 12 km from <a href="Lismore%2C_New_South_Wales" title="Lismore, New South Wales">Lismore, New South Wales</a>, by Charles Staff.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Joseph_Maiden" title="Joseph Maiden">Joseph Maiden</a>, an Australian botanist, wrote, "It is well worth extensive cultivation, for the nuts are always eagerly bought."<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></dd>

<dd>The Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Station encouraged the planting of macadamias on Hawaii's <a href="Kona_District%2C_Hawaii" title="Kona District, Hawaii">Kona District</a> as a crop to supplement coffee production in the region.<a href="#cite_note-rieger-45">[45]</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Thomas_Petrie" title="Thomas Petrie">Tom Petrie</a> begins trial macadamia plantations in <a href="Maryborough%2C_Queensland" title="Maryborough, Queensland">Maryborough, Queensland</a>, combining macadamia with pecans to shelter the trees.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></dd>

<dd>Ernest van Tassel formed the Hawaiian Macadamia Nut Co. in Hawaii.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></dd>

<dd>Tassel leased 75 acres (30 ha) on Round Top in Honolulu and began Nutridge, Hawaii's first macadamia seed farm.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></dd>

<dd>Tassel established a macadamia-processing factory on Puhukaina Street in <a href="Kakaako" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakaako">Kakaako, Hawaii</a>, selling the nuts as Van's Macadamia Nuts.</dd>

<dd>Winston Jones and J. H. Beaumont of the <a href="University_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii">University of Hawaii's</a> Agricultural Experiment Station reported the first successful grafting of macadamias, paving the way for mass production.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></dd>

<dd>A large plantation was established in Hawaii.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Castle_%26_Cooke" title="Castle & Cooke">Castle & Cooke</a> added a new brand of macadamia nuts called "Royal Hawaiian," which was credited with popularizing the nuts in the U.S.</dd>

<dd>A fourth macadamia species, <a href="Macadamia_jansenii" title="Macadamia jansenii">Macadamia jansenii</a>, was <a href="Species_description" title="Species description">described</a>, being first brought to the attention of plant scientists in 1983 by Ray Jansen, a sugarcane farmer and amateur botanist from <a href="South_Kolan" title="South Kolan">South Kolan</a> in Central <a href="Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></dd>

<dd>Australia surpassed the United States as the major producer of macadamias.<a href="#cite_note-rieger-45">[45]</a></dd>

<dd>South Africa surpassed Australia as the largest producer of macadamias.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-fp-3">[3]</a></dd>

<dd>The manner in which macadamia nuts were served on <a href="Korean_Air" title="Korean Air">Korean Air</a> Flight 86 from <a href="John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> led to a "<a href="Nut_rage_incident" title="Nut rage incident">nut rage incident</a>", which gave the nuts high visibility in <a href="South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and marked a sharp increase in consumption there.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></dd></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Macadamia_oil" title="Macadamia oil">Macadamia oil</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSandra_Wagner-Wright1995" class="citation book cs1">Sandra Wagner-Wright (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AeazAAAAIAAJ">History of the macadamia nut industry in Hawai'i, 1881–1981</a>. <a href="Lewiston%2C_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>: <a href="Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7734-9097-0</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901205243/https://books.google.com/books?id=AeazAAAAIAAJ&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Packaging

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<li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGrossWeston1992" class="citation journal cs1">Gross, C. L.; Weston, P. H. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publish.csiro.au/sb/sb9920725">"Macadamia jansenii (Proteaceae), a new species from central Queensland"</a>. Australian Systematic Botany. 5 (6): 725–728. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992AuSyB...5..725G">1992AuSyB...5..725G</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2Fsb9920725">10.1071/sb9920725</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1446-5701">1446-5701</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/12/12/why-nut-gate-is-such-a-big-deal-in-south-korea/">"Why 'nut rage' is such a big deal in South Korea"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809132058/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/12/12/why-nut-gate-is-such-a-big-deal-in-south-korea/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAhn2014" class="citation web cs1">Ahn, Young-oon (15 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/15/sales-of-macadamias-soar-in-korea-after-nut-rage.html">"Sales of macadamias soar in Korea after nut rage"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809173358/https://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/15/sales-of-macadamias-soar-in-korea-after-nut-rage.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.</cite>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Macadamia" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Macadamia">Macadamia</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Genera_of_Proteaceae24" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genera of <a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acidonia" title="Acidonia">Acidonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Adenanthos" title="Adenanthos">Adenanthos</a></li>

<li><a href="Agastachys" title="Agastachys">Agastachys</a></li>

<li><a href="Alloxylon" title="Alloxylon">Alloxylon</a></li>

<li><a href="Athertonia" title="Athertonia">Athertonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Aulax" title="Aulax">Aulax</a></li>

<li><a href="Austromuellera" title="Austromuellera">Austromuellera</a></li>

<li><a href="Banksia" title="Banksia">Banksia</a></li>

<li><a href="Beauprea" title="Beauprea">Beauprea</a></li>

<li><a href="Beaupreopsis" title="Beaupreopsis">Beaupreopsis</a></li>

<li><a href="Bellendena" title="Bellendena">Bellendena</a></li>

<li><a href="Bleasdalea" title="Bleasdalea">Bleasdalea</a></li>

<li><a href="Brabejum" title="Brabejum">Brabejum</a></li>

<li><a href="Buckinghamia" title="Buckinghamia">Buckinghamia</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardwellia" title="Cardwellia">Cardwellia</a></li>

<li><a href="Carnarvonia_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnarvonia (plant)">Carnarvonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Catalepidia" title="Catalepidia">Catalepidia</a></li>

<li><a href="Cenarrhenes" title="Cenarrhenes">Cenarrhenes</a></li>

<li><a href="Conospermum" title="Conospermum">Conospermum</a></li>

<li><a href="Darlingia" title="Darlingia">Darlingia</a></li>

<li><a href="Diastella" title="Diastella">Diastella</a></li>

<li><a href="Dilobeia" title="Dilobeia">Dilobeia</a></li>

<li><a href="Eidothea" title="Eidothea">Eidothea</a></li>

<li><a href="Embothrium" title="Embothrium">Embothrium</a></li>

<li><a href="Eucarpha" title="Eucarpha">Eucarpha</a></li>

<li><a href="Euplassa" title="Euplassa">Euplassa</a></li>

<li><a href="Faurea" title="Faurea">Faurea</a></li>

<li><a href="Finschia" title="Finschia">Finschia</a></li>

<li><a href="Floydia" title="Floydia">Floydia</a></li>

<li><a href="Franklandia" title="Franklandia">Franklandia</a></li>

<li><a href="Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Gevuina</a></li>

<li><a href="Grevillea" title="Grevillea">Grevillea</a></li>

<li><a href="Hakea" title="Hakea">Hakea</a></li>

<li><a href="Helicia" title="Helicia">Helicia</a></li>

<li><a href="Heliciopsis" title="Heliciopsis">Heliciopsis</a></li>

<li><a href="Hicksbeachia" title="Hicksbeachia">Hicksbeachia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hollandaea" title="Hollandaea">Hollandaea</a></li>

<li><a href="Isopogon" title="Isopogon">Isopogon</a></li>

<li><a href="Kermadecia" title="Kermadecia">Kermadecia</a></li>

<li><a href="Knightia_(plant)" title="Knightia (plant)">Knightia</a></li>

<li><a href="Lambertia" title="Lambertia">Lambertia</a></li>

<li><a href="Lasjia" title="Lasjia">Lasjia</a></li>

<li><a href="Leucadendron" title="Leucadendron">Leucadendron</a></li>

<li><a href="Leucospermum" title="Leucospermum">Leucospermum</a></li>

<li><a href="Lomatia" title="Lomatia">Lomatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Malagasia" title="Malagasia">Malagasia</a></li>

<li><a href="Megahertzia" title="Megahertzia">Megahertzia</a></li>

<li><a href="Mimetes" title="Mimetes">Mimetes</a></li>

<li><a href="Musgravea" title="Musgravea">Musgravea</a></li>

<li><a href="Neorites" title="Neorites">Neorites</a></li>

<li><a href="Nothorites" title="Nothorites">Nothorites</a></li>

<li><a href="Opisthiolepis" title="Opisthiolepis">Opisthiolepis</a></li>

<li><a href="Oreocallis" title="Oreocallis">Oreocallis</a></li>

<li><a href="Orites" title="Orites">Orites</a></li>

<li><a href="Orothamnus" title="Orothamnus">Orothamnus</a></li>

<li><a href="Panopsis" title="Panopsis">Panopsis</a></li>

<li><a href="Paranomus" title="Paranomus">Paranomus</a></li>

<li><a href="Persoonia" title="Persoonia">Persoonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Petrophile" title="Petrophile">Petrophile</a></li>

<li><a href="Placospermum" title="Placospermum">Placospermum</a></li>

<li><a href="Protea" title="Protea">Protea</a></li>

<li><a href="Roupala" title="Roupala">Roupala</a></li>

<li><a href="Serruria" title="Serruria">Serruria</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleumerodendron" title="Sleumerodendron">Sleumerodendron</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorocephalus" title="Sorocephalus">Sorocephalus</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatalla" title="Spatalla">Spatalla</a></li>

<li><a href="Sphalmium" title="Sphalmium">Sphalmium</a></li>

<li><a href="Stenocarpus" title="Stenocarpus">Stenocarpus</a></li>

<li><a href="Stirlingia" title="Stirlingia">Stirlingia</a></li>

<li><a href="Strangea" title="Strangea">Strangea</a></li>

<li><a href="Symphionema" title="Symphionema">Symphionema</a></li>

<li><a href="Synaphea" title="Synaphea">Synaphea</a></li>

<li><a href="Waratah" title="Waratah">Telopea</a></li>

<li><a href="Toronia" title="Toronia">Toronia</a></li>

<li><a href="Triunia" title="Triunia">Triunia</a></li>

<li><a href="Turrillia" title="Turrillia">Turrillia</a></li>

<li><a href="Vexatorella" title="Vexatorella">Vexatorella</a></li>

<li><a href="Virotia" title="Virotia">Virotia</a></li>

<li><a href="Xylomelum" title="Xylomelum">Xylomelum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuts115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Nuts115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True, or <a href="Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">botanical nuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a></li>

<li><a href="Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fagus_grandifolia" title="Fagus grandifolia">American beech</a></li>

<li><a href="Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">European beech</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Brosimum_alicastrum" title="Brosimum alicastrum">Breadnut</a></li>

<li><a href="Aleurites_moluccanus" title="Aleurites moluccanus">Candlenut</a></li>

<li><a href="Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a>

<ul><li><a href="Castanea_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea sativa">Sweet chestnut</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a>

<ul><li><a href="Corylus_americana" title="Corylus americana">American hazel</a></li>

<li><a href="Corylus_cornuta" title="Corylus cornuta">Beaked hazel</a></li>

<li><a href="Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana">European hazel</a></li>

<li><a href="Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Filbert</a></li>

<li><a href="Corylus_heterophylla" title="Corylus heterophylla">Asian hazel</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Brachychiton" title="Brachychiton">Kurrajong</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachira_aquatica" title="Pachira aquatica">Malabar chestnut</a></li>

<li><a href="Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia" title="Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia">Red bopple nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Beilschmiedia_bancroftii" title="Beilschmiedia bancroftii">Yellow walnut</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Drupe" title="Drupe">Drupes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li>

<li><a href="Semecarpus_australiensis" title="Semecarpus australiensis">Australian cashew nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Betel nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Shorea" title="Shorea">Borneo tallow nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li>

<li><a href="Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li>

<li><a href="Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Chilean hazel</a></li>

<li><a href="Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li>

<li><a href="Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li>

<li><a href="Coula_edulis" title="Coula edulis">Gabon nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a>

<ul><li><a href="Carya_tomentosa" title="Carya tomentosa">Mockernut hickory</a></li>

<li><a href="Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a></li>

<li><a href="Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">Shagbark hickory</a></li>

<li><a href="Carya_laciniosa" title="Carya laciniosa">Shellbark hickory</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Elaeocarpus_bancroftii" title="Elaeocarpus bancroftii">Johnstone River almond</a></li>

<li><a href="Irvingia_gabonensis" title="Irvingia gabonensis">Irvingia gabonensis</a></li>

<li><a href="Karuka" title="Karuka">Karuka</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pandanus_julianettii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus julianettii">Planted karuka</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandanus_brosimos" title="Pandanus brosimos">Wild karuka</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mongongo" title="Mongongo">Mongongo</a></li>

<li><a href="Panda_oleosa" title="Panda oleosa">Panda oleosa</a></li>

<li><a href="Caryocar_nuciferum" title="Caryocar nuciferum">Pekea nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li>

<li><a href="Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a>

<ul><li><a href="Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a></li>

<li><a href="Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">Butternut</a></li>

<li><a href="Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">English walnut</a></li>

<li><a href="Juglans_ailantifolia" title="Juglans ailantifolia">Heartnut</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycad</a>

<ul><li><a href="Macrozamia" title="Macrozamia">Burrawang nut</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a> spp.

<ul><li><a href="Araucaria_bidwillii" title="Araucaria bidwillii">Bunya nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Monkey-puzzle nut</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">Chilgoza pine</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Colorado pinyon</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinus_koraiensis" title="Pinus koraiensis">Korean pine</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Mexican pinyon</a></li>

<li><a href="Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Single-leaf pinyon</a></li>

<li><a href="Stone_pine" title="Stone pine">Stone pine</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Queensland macadamia nut</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lecythis" title="Lecythis">Paradise nut</a></li>

<li><a href="Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li>

<li><a href="Sterculia_quadrifida" title="Sterculia quadrifida">Peanut tree</a></li>

<li><a href="Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3920" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3920" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Macadamia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310041" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q310041">Q310041</a></li>

<li><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Macadamia" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Macadamia">Macadamia</a></li>

<li><a href="Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Macadamia">Macadamia</a></li>

<li><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/186054">186054</a></li>

<li><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1300095">1300095</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/MACAD">MACAD</a></li>

<li><a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A32953-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:32953-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40010787">40010787</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox446" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000330573&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-13" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Macadamia&oldid=1300272062">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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